top of page
ื—ื™ืคื•ืฉ
Inbar Raz

ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื’ื ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื—ื›ื

ืคืขื, ืœืคื ื™ ื‘ืขืจืš 20 ืฉื ื”, ืขื‘ืจืชื™ ื‘ืจื—ื•ื‘ ืœื™ื“ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ืฉืขื‘ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื˜ื›ื ืื™ ืฉืœ ื‘ื–ืง. ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืฉื–ื” ืžืžืฉ ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™, ื›ื™ ืืฃ ืคืขื ืœื ืจืื™ืชื™ ืื™ืš ื ืจืื” ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื›ื–ื” ืžื‘ืคื ื™ื, ืื– ื“ื™ื‘ืจืชื™ ืงืฆืช ืขื ื”ื˜ื›ื ืื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœื—ืœื•ื‘ ืžืžื ื• ืžื™ื“ืข. ืื ื™ ื–ื•ื›ืจ ืฉื”ื•ื ืกื™ืคืจ ืœื™ ื‘ื’ืื•ื•ื” ืฉื™ืฉ ื‘ืคื ื™ื ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืฉืœื ื•ืฉื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืœืื‘ื—ืŸ ืชืงืœื•ืช ื‘ืขืฆืžื• ื•ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ืžืจื›ื– ื”ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืฉืœ ื‘ื–ืง. ื–ื” ืžืื“ ื”ืจืฉื™ื ืื•ืชื™ ื‘ื–ืžื ื•.



ื”ืจื›ืฉ


ืขื‘ืจื• ื”ืฉื ื™ื, ื“ื™ ืฉื›ื—ืชื™ ืžื›ืœ ื”ืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื‘ืœ ืื–, ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื (ืœื™ืชืจ ื“ื™ื•ืง: ืกื•ืฃ 2019. ื”ืคื•ืกื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืื™ื—ื•ืจ...), ืชืคืกื” ืืช ืขื™ื ื™ ืžื•ื“ืขืช ืžื›ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ ื™ื“-ืฉื ื™ื™ื”. ื ื™ืฆืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ื”ื–ื“ืžื ื•ืช ื•ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืฉืื ื™ ืงื•ื ื” ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื›ื–ื” ื•ื—ื•ืงืจ ืื•ืชื•.


ืงื‘ืขืชื™ ืขื ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื‘ื™ื•ื ืฉื‘ืช, 2/11/2019, ื‘ื™ืจื™ื“ ืฉื ืงืจื ืดื™ืžื™ ื‘ื ื™ืžื™ื ื”ืด:


ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื”ื™ื” ื ื—ืžื“ ืžืื“ ื•ืกื™ืคืง ืืช ื”ืกื—ื•ืจื”:


ืฉืžื— ื‘ื—ืœืงื™, ื”ื ื—ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื‘ืชื ื”ืžื˜ืขืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ื›ื‘ื•ื“, ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืขื˜ื•ืฃ ื‘ืžื’ื‘ืช ื›ื“ื™ ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื• - ืจื•ื‘ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ื ื™ื ืฉืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉืขืžื“ื• ืœืžื›ื™ืจื” ื”ื™ื• ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืืกืชื˜ื™ ื™ืจื•ื“ ื•ื“ื•ื•ืงื ื–ื” ืฉืงื ื™ืชื™ ื ืจืื” ืžืขื•ืœื”:


ื–ื” ืœื ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ืขื™ื ืœืจืื•ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืกื’ื•ืจ


ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื•ืื ื™ ื”ื’ืขื ื• ื”ื‘ื™ืชื” ื‘ืฉืœื•ื, ื•ืื– ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ืืชื’ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ:


ื”ืฉืืกื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื ืขื•ืœ ื•ืœืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืืช ื”ืžืคืชื—. ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืื™ื–ื” ืžื ืขื•ืœ ืžืฆืณื•ืงืžืง ืฉืœ ืืจื•ืŸ ืžื’ื™ืจื•ืช ืืœื ื‘ืฆื™ืœื™ื ื“ืจ ืจื‘-ื‘ืจื™ื— ืžื›ื•ื‘ื“. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื›ืžื• ืœื›ืœ ืื“ื ื ื•ืจืžื˜ื™ื‘ื™ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื ื™ืกื™ื•ืŸ ื‘ืคืจื™ืฆืช ืžื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื›ืืœื•, ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืžื” ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื•ืคืชืื•ื ื ืคืœ ืœื™ ื”ืืกื™ืžื•ืŸ (see what I did there?): ื‘ืขื•ื“ ื—ืžื™ืฉื” ื™ืžื™ื ืื”ื™ื” ื‘ื‘ื•ืงืจืฉื˜ ื‘ื›ื ืก ื”ื”ืืงืจื™ื DefCamp, ื•ื›ืžื• ื‘ื›ืœ ื›ื ืก ื”ืืงืจื™ื ืฉืžื›ื‘ื“ ืืช ืขืฆืžื• ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉื ื“ื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœ ืคืจื™ืฆืช ืžื ืขื•ืœื™ื!


ืžืžืฉ ื‘ืžืงืจื”, ื”ื‘ื—ื•ืจ ืฉื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื“ื•ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ืงื•ืœื’ื” ืฉืœื™ ืžื›ื ืกื™ื ืงื•ื“ืžื™ื. ืกื™ืคืจืชื™ ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืฉืขื•ืžื“ ื‘ืคื ื™ ื•ื‘ืœื™ ืœื—ืฉื•ื‘ ืคืขืžื™ื™ื, ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ื‘ืžืชื ื” ืขืจื›ื” ืฉืžื™ื•ืขื“ืช ืœืžื ืขื•ืœื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ื”ื–ื” (ื”ืจืื™ืชื™ ืœื• ืชืžื•ื ื”):


ืื ื™ ืžืงื•ื•ื” ืฉื‘ืจื•ืจ ืœื›ื•ืœื ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืืชื’ืจ ืจืฆื™ื ื™. ืœื ืจืง ืฉืื™ื ื™ ืคื•ืจืฅ ืžื ืขื•ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™, ืืœื ืฉืื ื™ ื’ื ืขื ืคืจื•ืชื–ื” ื‘ื™ื“ ืฉืžืืœ ื•ืžืœื›ืชื—ื™ืœื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœ ื‘ืคืขื•ืœื•ืช ืขื“ื™ื ื•ืช. ืคืจื™ืฆืช ืžื ืขื•ืœ ื›ื–ื” ื“ื•ืจืฉืช ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ืฉื ื™ ื›ืœื™ื ื‘ืžืงื‘ื™ืœ, ื›ืžื• ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ื•ื™ื“ืื• ื”ื–ื”, ืฉืžืจืื” ืžื ืขื•ืœ ืขื ืฆื™ืœื™ื ื“ืจ ืžืื•ืชื• ื”ืกื•ื’:


ื”ืขืจื•ืฅ ื”ื–ื”, ืื’ื‘, ืฉืœ LockPickingLawyer, ื”ื•ื ื”ืขืจื•ืฅ ืืœื™ื• ื ื™ื’ืฉืชื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืื™ืš ืœื”ืชืžื•ื“ื“ ืขื ื”ืืชื’ืจ ืฉืœืคื ื™. ืื ืืชื ืžืชืขื ื™ื™ื ื™ื ื‘ืคืจื™ืฆืช ืžื ืขื•ืœื™ื, ื–ื” ื”ืขืจื•ืฅ ื‘ืฉื‘ื™ืœื›ื.


ืžื” ืื’ื™ื“ ืœื›ื? ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืงืฉื”. ืžืžืฉ ืงืฉื”. ื”ื™ื• ื›ืžื” ืคืขืžื™ื ืฉื›ืžืขื˜ ื”ืชื™ื™ืืฉืชื™ ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืกื•ืฃ, ืื—ืจื™ ืœื-ื–ื•ื›ืจ-ื›ื‘ืจ-ื›ืžื”-ื–ืžืŸ, ื–ื” ืงืจื”!


ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ื”ืฉื•ืœื—ืŸ ืขืœื™ื• ืขื‘ื“ืชื™, ืขื ื›ืœ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžืขื•ืจื‘ื™ื:


ืื ืฉื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื, ืื’ื‘, ื ื™ื’ืฉื• ืืœ ืื•ืชื• ื”ืืชื’ืจ ื‘ื’ื™ืฉื” ืงืฆืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื’ืจืกื™ื‘ื™ืช:

ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื’ื ืื ื™ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื’ื™ืข ืœืฉื ืžืชื™ืฉื”ื•, ืื ืœื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืคืจื•ืฅ ืืช ื”ืžื ืขื•ืœ...


ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื›ืฉื”ื•ื ืคืชื•ื— ืœืจื•ื•ื—ื”:


ื”ืงื•ืคืกื” ื”ื›ืกื•ืคื” ื‘ื—ืœืง ื”ืฉืžืืœื™ ืœืžื˜ื” ื”ื™ื ืงื•ืจื ื›ืจื˜ื™ืกื™ ื”ื˜ืœื›ืจื˜. ืžืขืœื™ื”, ืžื™ืžื™ืŸ ืœืฉืžืืœ, ื ืžืฆืื™ื ืกื•ืœืœืช ื”ื’ื™ื‘ื•ื™, ืžืขื’ืœ ืฉืžืคืฆืœ ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ื•ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืœื•ื— ื”ืžืงืฉื™ื. ืœืžืขืœื” ื ืžืฆื ื”ืฆื“ ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ืžืกืš ื”-LCD.


ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ื™ืžื ื™ ืžื›ื™ืœ ื‘ืขื™ืงืจ ืืช ื”ืžืขื’ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื™, ืฉื ืžืฆื ื‘ืชื•ืš ืžืืจื– ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง, ื•ื”ื—ื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ื ืืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื ื”ื—ื™ืฆื•ืŸ: ืงื• ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื•ื”ืฉืคื•ืคืจืช.


ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื’ื ื‘ืคื ื™ื ื”ื•ื ื‘ืžืฆื‘ ืืกืชื˜ื™ ืžืฆื•ื™ื™ืŸ. ืžืžืฉ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื•ื ื”ื’ื™ืข ื•ืื™ืš ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื• ืœืฉืžื•ืจ ืขืœื™ื• ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ื ืงื™, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ืื™ืœ ื•ื”ืžื•ื›ืจ ื˜ืขืŸ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื• ืืช ื”ืžืคืชื—, ืœื ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืœืชื—ืงืจ ืื•ืชื• ืขืœ ื–ื”.


ืคื™ืจื•ืง ืจืืฉื•ื ื™


ื”ื”ืคืชืขื” ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ืฆื™ืคืชื” ืœื™ ื›ืฉื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืคืจืง ืืช ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ืคื ื™ืžื™ื™ื ืžืชื•ืš ื”ืฉืืกื™ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ืกืชื›ืœ ืขืœื™ื”ื ืžืงืจื•ื‘:


ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื•ื“ื•ืช ืฉืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื ืžื‘ืงืฉื™ื ืžืžื ื™ ืœื ื—ืฉ ืžื™ ืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื”ืžืจ ืขืœ ื”ื—ืฉื•ื“ื•ืช ื”ืžื™ื™ื“ื™ื•ืช ืฉื”ืŸ ื—ื‘ืจื•ืช ื”ืชืงืฉื•ืจืช ื•ื”ืืœืงื˜ืจื•ื ื™ืงื” ืฉืœ ืกื•ืฃ ื”-80ืณ ื•ืชื—ื™ืœืช ื”-90ืณ, ื›ืžื• ืชื“ื™ืจืืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืœื ื”ื™ื” ืขื•ืœื” ืขืœ ื“ืขืชื™ ืฉืžื™ ืฉืžื™ื™ืฆืจ ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื–ื• ืชืขืฉ - ื”ืชืขืฉื™ื™ื” ื”ืฆื‘ืื™ืช... ืื‘ืœ ืื ืชืงืจืื• ื‘ื•ื•ื™ืงื™ืคื“ื™ื”, ืชื’ืœื• ืฉื–ื” ื‘ืขืฆื ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืœื ืกื•ื“!


ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ื”ื—ืœืง ื”ืื—ื•ืจื™ ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืœืื—ืจ ื”ืกืจืช ืœื•ื— ื”ืื:


ื•ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ืœื•ื— ื”ืื ืœืื—ืจ ืฉืคื•ืชื—ื™ื ืืช ืืจื™ื–ืช ื”ืคืœืกื˜ื™ืง ื‘ื” ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื:


ืžื‘ื˜ ืžืงืจื•ื‘ ืขืœ ืœื•ื— ื”ืื:


ืžืืจื– ื”ืกื•ืœืœื” ื”ื›ื™ืœ ืžืกืคืจ ืชืื™ื ืžืกื•ื’ ื ื™ืงืœ-ืงื“ืžื™ื•ื:


ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ืขื•ื“ ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืœื ืกื•ืช ืœืžืฆื•ื ืชืื™ื ื›ืืœื•, ืื• ืืคื™ืœื• ืกื•ืœืœื” ืฉืœืžื” ืžื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ, ืื‘ืœ ืžืžื” ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืื•ืจืš ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื”ืกื•ืœืœื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ื”ื•ื ื—ืฆื™ ืฉื ื” ืื ืื™ื ืŸ ืžื—ื•ื‘ืจืช ื›ืš ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœืžืฆื•ื ืžืฉื”ื• ืชื•ืื ืžื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ, ื”ื•ื ื›ื ืจืื” ื›ื‘ืจ ืœื ื™ื”ื™ื” ืฉืžื™ืฉ. ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ื›ื•ื•ื ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข, ืžืชื™ืฉื”ื•, ืœืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ืื ื™ ืžืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืื‘ืœ ื›ื ืจืื” ืฉืืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืžืฆื•ื ืคื™ืชืจื•ืŸ ืื—ืจ.


ื—ื™ืœื•ืฅ ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื”


ืื—ืจื™ ืฉืกื™ื™ืžืชื™ ืืช ื”ืคื™ืจื•ืง, ื”ื’ื™ืข ื”ืจื’ืข ื”ื›ื™ ืžื•ืจื›ื‘ ื˜ื›ื ื™ืช (ืขื“ ืขื›ืฉื™ื•, ืœืคื—ื•ืช): ืœื—ืœืฅ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื•ืœื ืชื— ืื•ืชื”. ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื‘ืžืงืฆื•ืขื™ ืื ื™ Reverse Engineer ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื’ื™ืœ 14, ื—ื™ื›ื™ืชื™ ื‘ืงื•ืฆืจ ืจื•ื— ืœืจืื•ืช ื‘ืขื™ื ื™ื™ื ืืช ื”ืงื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ื”ื–ื•.


ื›ืžื• ื‘ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืžืขื’ืœื™ื ืžื”ืกื•ื’ ื”ื–ื”, ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื ืžืฆืืช ื‘ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฉื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืžื—ื™ืงื” ื•ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ื” ืžื—ื“ืฉ. ื–ื” ืžืืคืฉืจ ืœืชืงืŸ ื‘ืื’ื™ื ื•ืœืขื“ื›ืŸ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื‘ืงืœื•ืช. ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื ื•, ืžื” ืฉืžืกื’ื™ืจ ืืช ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื™ื ื”ืžื“ื‘ืงื” ื”ืœื‘ื ื”. ื”ืžื“ื‘ืงื•ืช ื”ืืœื• ืžืฉืžืฉื•ืช ื‘ื“ืดื› ืœืฉื ื™ ื“ื‘ืจื™ื:

  1. ืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื’ืจืกืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืฉื ืžืฆืืช ืขืœ ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘;

  2. ื”ื’ื ื” ืขืœ ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘, ื›ืืฉืจ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืžืกื•ื’ EPROM ื”ืจื’ื™ืฉ ืœืื•ืจ ืื•ืœื˜ืจื”-ืกื’ื•ืœ.


ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื ืžืฆื ืขืœ ืœื•ื— ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื ืคืจื“ ืฉืžื—ื•ื‘ืจ ืืœ ื”ืœื•ื— ื”ืจืืฉื™ ื“ืจืš ืชื•ืฉื‘ืช. ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ื”ืœื•ื— ืžืฉื ื™ ืฆื“ื“ื™ื•:


ื›ืืฉืจ ืžืกื™ืจื™ื ืืช ื”ืžื“ื‘ืงื” ืžื”ืจื›ื™ื‘, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืื•ืชื•:


ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืืžื•ืจ ื”ื•ื Atmel AT29C256, ืฉื”ื•ื ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืžืกื•ื’ ืคืœืืฉ (Flash). ื”ืžืคืจื˜ ื”ื˜ื›ื ื™ ืฉืœื• - Datasheet - ื™ืกืคืจ ืœื ื• ืขืœื™ื• ื™ื•ืชืจ ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ ืžื” ื ืคื—ื•:


ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื ืžื“ื“ื™ื ื‘ืฉื ื™ ืคืจืžื˜ืจื™ื ื”ืงืฉื•ืจื™ื ื–ื” ืœื–ื”:

  1. ื”ื ืคื— ื”ื›ื•ืœืœ ืฉืœื”ื, ื‘ื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื - ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื ื• 256K.

  2. ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”-ืดืžื™ืœื”ืด, ืื• ื›ืžื” ื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืงืจื™ืื” - ื‘ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ืžื™ืœื” ื”ื•ื ื‘ื“ื™ื•ืง 8 ื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื, ืฉื”ื ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ ืื—ื“, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ 32K ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื.


ืฉื ื™ ื”ื ืชื•ื ื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืžืฉืœื™ื›ื™ื ืขืœ ืžืกืคืจ ื”ืคื™ื ื™ื ื”ื“ืจื•ืฉื™ื ืœืงืจื™ืื” ื•ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ื”: 8 ื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœืžื™ื“ืข ืขืฆืžื• (Data) ื•-15 ื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ืช (Address). ืื ืชืกืชื›ืœื• ืขืœ ื”ืขืžื•ื“ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืœ ื”-Datasheet, ืื›ืŸ ืชื•ื›ืœื• ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื™ืฉ 15 ืคื™ื ื™ื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ื•ื”ื ื ืงืจืื™ื A0..A14 ื•ื™ืฉ 8 ืคื™ื ื™ื ืœืžื™ื“ืข ื•ื”ื ื ืงืจืื™ื I/O0..I/O7. ืคื™ื ื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื ืžืฉืžืฉื™ื ืœืฆื™ื•ืŸ ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื”ืžื™ื“ืข (ืงืจื™ืื” ืื• ื›ืชื™ื‘ื”), ืœื‘ื—ื™ืจื” ืฉืœ ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ (ืดื‘ื—ื™ืจื”ืด ืื•ืžืจืช ืœืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฉืขื›ืฉื™ื• ืชื•ืจื• ืœื”ืงืฉื™ื‘ ื•ืœืขื ื•ืช, ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœืฉืืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื• ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ื•ืžืงืฉื™ื‘ื™ื. ืชื—ืฉื‘ื• ืขืœ ื–ื” ื›ืžื• ื”ืฆื“ืฃ ื‘-ืดื‘ืขืœ ื–ื‘ื•ื‘ืด) ื•ืœื—ืฉืžืœ, ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ.


ืืช ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืงืจืืชื™ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ืื—ื“ ืžื›ืžื” ื›ืœื™ื ืžืชืื™ืžื™ื ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื™:


ื–ื”, ืกืคืฆื™ืคื™ืช, ื”ื•ื ื›ืœื™ ืžื™ื•ืฉืŸ ื•ืื ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื”ืžืœื™ืฅ ืœื›ื ืขืœ ืื—ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ื‘ื•ื—ืจ ื‘-TL866 ื‘ื’ืจืกื ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ื”ื–ืžื™ื ื”, ืฉื ื›ื•ืŸ ืœื›ืชื™ื‘ืช ืฉื•ืจื•ืช ืืœื• ื”ื™ื ื–ื•:


T48 TL866-3G Programmer Support 31000+ ICS for EPROM/MCU/SPI/Nor/NAND Flash/EMMC/IC Tester/ TL866CS TL866II Plus Replacement with 9 Adapter(T48 Programmer Host+ 9 Adapter)


ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื”ื ืงืจื ื”ื•ื ืื›ืŸ ื‘ื’ื•ื“ืœ 32KByte ื•ื›ืš ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื” ื‘ืชื—ื™ืœืชื• (ืฉืžืืœ) ื•ื‘ืกื•ืคื• (ื™ืžื™ืŸ):

ืžืขื‘ืจ ื–ืจื™ื– ื‘ืขื™ืŸ ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืžื’ืœื” ืžื—ืจื•ื–ื•ืช ืจืœื‘ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ื‘ืื ื’ืœื™ืช:

ื•ืžืžืฉ ืœืงืจืืช ื”ืกื•ืฃ - ื”ืคืชืขื” ื ื•ืกืคืช: ืฉืžื•ืช ื”ืžืชื›ื ืชื™ื!

ื ืจืื” ืฉื™ื”ื™ื” ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ!


ื ื™ืชื•ื— ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” - Reverse Engineering


ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื ืชื— ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื”, ืื ื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื“ืขืช ืœืื™ื–ื” ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ื™ื ื ื›ืชื‘ื”. ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื’ืก, ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื•ืžืจ ืฉืžืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืžื›ื™ืจื™ื ืจืง ืฉืคื” ืื—ืช - ืฉืคืช ืžื›ื•ื ื”, ืฉืžื•ืจื›ื‘ืช ืžื‘ื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉืœ 0 ื•-1. ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื”ื™ื ื ืงืจืืช ื’ื ืฉืคืช ืืกืžื‘ืœื™ (ืื• ืฉืคืช ืกืฃ) ืืš ื–ื• ื˜ืขื•ืช: ืฉืคืช ืืกืžื‘ืœื™ ื”ื™ื ื”ื™ื™ืฆื•ื’ ื”ื˜ืงืกื˜ื•ืืœื™ ืฉื‘ื ื™ ืื“ื ื™ื›ื•ืœื™ื ืœืงืจื•ื ื•ืœื›ืชื•ื‘, ืืš ื”ื™ื ืžื™ืชืจื’ืžืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื—ื“-ื—ื“-ืขืจื›ื™ ืœืฉืคืช ืžื›ื•ื ื”.


ืขืœ ืžื ืช ืœื”ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื–ืืช ื˜ื•ื‘ ื™ื•ืชืจ, ืืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื“ื•ื’ืžื” ื”ื‘ืื”: ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ ืด5+7ืด ื”ื•ื ืฉืงื•ืœ ืœืงื•ื“ ื‘ืฉืคืช ืžื›ื•ื ื”, ื•ื”ืžืฉืคื˜ ืดื—ืžืฉ ื•ืขื•ื“ ืฉื‘ืขืด ื”ื•ื ืฉืงื•ืœ ืœืงื•ื“ ื‘ืฉืคืช ืืกืžื‘ืœื™. ืงื™ื™ื ื™ื—ืก ื—ื“-ื—ื“-ืขืจื›ื™ ื‘ื™ืŸ ืฉื ื™ ื”ื‘ื™ื˜ื•ื™ื™ื, ื”ื ื–ื”ื™ื ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ ืืš ืžื™ื•ืฆื’ื™ื ื‘ืฆื•ืจื•ืช ืฉื•ื ื•ืช.


ื›ืœ ืงื•ื“ ืฉืชื›ืชื‘ื• ื‘ืฉืคื” ืื—ืจืช, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ C ืื• Pascal ืื• Java ืื• Go ืื• ื›ืœ ื“ื‘ืจ ืื—ืจ, ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืจื” ืœืฉืคืช ื”ืžื›ื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ืขืœื™ื• ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืืžื•ืจื” ืœืจื•ืฅ, ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœืงืจื•ื ืืช ื”ืžืงื‘ื™ืœื” ืฉืœื• ื‘ืฉืคืช ืืกืžื‘ืœื™ ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ืงื•ืจื” ืคื”. ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื” ื ืงืจื Reverse Engineering ื•ื›ืžื™ื˜ื‘ ื”ืžืกื•ืจืช ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืชืจื’ื•ื ืžื˜ื•ืคืฉ ืœืขื‘ืจื™ืช - ืดื”ื ื“ืกื” ื—ื•ื–ืจืชืด ืื• ืดื”ื ื“ืกื” ื”ืคื•ื›ื”ืด - ื•ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืœื ืžืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื• ื—ื•ืฅ ืžืื“ื ืื—ื“ ื‘ื›ืœ ื”ืขื•ืœื (ื›ืŸ, ืขื•ื“ื“, ืื ื™ ืžื“ื‘ืจ ืขืœื™ืš.)


ืืžื ื ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ืžืฉืคื—ื•ืช ืžืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืฉื™ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืœืงื‘ืœ ืงื•ื“ ื‘ืฉืคื•ืช ืžืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื™ื•ืชืจ ืื‘ืœ ื”ืŸ ืœื ืจืœื‘ื ื˜ื™ื•ืช ืœืขื•ืœื ื”ืชื•ื›ืŸ ืฉืœื ื• ืื– ืœื ืืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ืŸ.


ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ืขืœ ืœื•ื— ื”ืื ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžืฆืืชื™ ืžืฉื”ื• ืฉื”ื™ื” ืžื•ื›ืจ ืœื™. ื‘ืœื™ืช ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ืจ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœื™ื ื•ื—ื™ืคืฉืชื™ ืืช ืžืกืคืจ ื”ื“ื’ื ืฉืœื”ื ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื”ื ื•ืžื” ืชืคืงื™ื“ื. ื–ื” ืชื”ืœื™ืš ืฉืžืžื™ืœื ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื‘ืชื”ืœื™ืš Reverse Engineering ืœื—ื•ืžืจื” ืฉืื™ื ื” ืžื—ืฉื‘ ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ PC ืื• ืžืง, ื•ื“ื™ ืžื”ืจ ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืืœ ื”ืืฉื:


ื”ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืขืœื™ื•ืŸ - CDP1806ACE ื”ื•ื ื”ืžืขื‘ื“. ื–ื” ืจื›ื™ื‘ ืฉืžืขื•ืœื ืœื ื ืชืงืœืชื™ ื‘ื• ื•ืœื ืฉืžืขืชื™ ืขืœื™ื• ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”-Datasheet ืฉืœื• ื‘ืื™ื ื˜ืจื ื˜ ื›ื“ื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ื‘ืžื” ืขืกืงื™ื ืŸ:



ื•ืจืง ืคื” ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืœืื™ื–ื” ื‘ื•ืจ ื”ื›ื ืกืชื™ ืืช ืขืฆืžื™...


ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”-Reverse Engineering ื™ืฉ ื›ืœื™ ืื—ื“ ืฉืฉืœื˜ ื‘ืคื™ืกื’ื” ืœืœื ืขื•ืจืจื™ืŸ ื‘ืžืฉืš ืœืžืขืœื” ืžืขืฉื•ืจ: IDA-Pro ืžื‘ื™ืช Hexrays. ื›ืžืขื˜ ื›ืœ ืžื™ ืฉืขืกืง ื‘-Reverse Engineering ื›ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืฉืœื• ื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘ื›ืœื™ ื”ื–ื”. ื”ื‘ืขื™ื” ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ืช ืฉืœื• ื”ื™ื ืฉื”ื•ื ื™ืงืจ ื˜ื™ืœื™ื ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ืื ืื™ืŸ ืœื›ื ืžืขืกื™ืง ืฉืžืฉืœื ืœื›ื ืขืœ ื”ื›ืœื™, ืจื•ื‘ ื”ืกื™ื›ื•ื™ื™ื ื”ื ืฉืื• ืฉื”ืฉืชืžืฉืชื ื‘ื’ืจืกืช Demo ื—ื™ื ืžื™ืช ื•ืžื•ื’ื‘ืœืช, ืื• ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ืฉื’ืชื ืขื•ืชืง ืคืจื•ืฅ.


ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื, ื”-NSA ื”ืืžืจื™ืงืื™ ืฉื—ืจืจ ื‘ืงื•ื“ ืคืชื•ื— ืืช ื”ื›ืœื™ ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืชื‘, Ghidra (ื”ืœื™ื ืง ืœื ืขื•ื‘ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช IP ื™ืฉืจืืœื™ื•ืช ืื– ืชืฆื˜ืจื›ื• ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘-VPN ืื• ืœืœื›ืช ื™ืฉื™ืจื•ืช ืืœ GitHub). ื–ื”ื• ื›ืœื™ ืžืื“ ื—ื–ืง ืื‘ืœ ืœื ืžืื“ ืื™ื ื˜ื•ืื™ื˜ื™ื‘ื™, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžื™ ืฉืจื’ื™ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ืฉืชืžืฉ ื‘-IDA-Pro. ืœืžืขืฉื”, ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ืฉืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื›ืืฉืจ ื”ืชืงื ืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืคืขื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื”, ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื“ื™ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ื›ืœ ืงื™ืฆื•ืจื™ ื”ืžืงืœื“ืช ื›ืš ืฉื™ื”ื™ื• ื–ื”ื™ื ืœืืœื• ืฉืœ IDA-Pro :-) ืœืื˜ ืœืื˜ ื”ื›ืœื™ ืฆื•ื‘ืจ ืงื”ืœ ืžืขืจื™ืฆื™ื ื•ืคืœื— ื”ืฉื•ืง ืฉืœื• ืžืชื’ื‘ืจ.


ืงื™ื™ืžื™ื ืžื•ืฆืจื™ื ื ื•ืกืคื™ื, ื›ื’ื•ืŸ Radare2 ืื• Binary Ninja ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืจืœื‘ื ื˜ื™ื ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ืœืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื” ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ืช ื”ื–ืžืŸ ื‘ื• ื”ื•ื ื”ืชืจื—ืฉ - ืœืคื ื™ ื—ืžืฉ ืฉื ื™ื.


ืื– ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื•ื ื›ืœ-ื›ืš ืื™ื–ื•ื˜ืจื™, ืขื“ ืฉืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืžืชืงื“ืžื™ื ืœื ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื•. ืืžื ื ืžืฆืืชื™ ื›ืžื” Standalone Disassembler ืฉื•ื ื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื ืื™ื ื ืื™ื ื˜ืจืืงื˜ื™ื‘ื™ื™ื ื•ืžื™ื™ืฆืจื™ื ืจืง ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื˜ืงืกื˜ ื•ื–ื” ืœื ื”ืคื•ืจืžื˜ ืื™ืชื• ืขื•ื‘ื“ื™ื, ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืžืื– 1997...


ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืื™ืŸ ืœื™ ื‘ืจื™ืจื” ื•ืื ืื ื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืžืกื•ื’ืœ ืœื‘ืฆืข Reverse Engineering (ืœื”ืœืŸ: ืœึฐืจึทื‘ึฐืจึตืก) ืืช ื”ืงื•ื“, ืžื™ืฉื”ื• (ื–ืดื ืื ื™) ื™ืฆื˜ืจืš ืœืœืžื“ ืืช ืื—ื“ ืžื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืืœื• ืื™ืš ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขื ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ื–ื”. ืœืฉื ื™ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื™ืฉ ื™ื›ื•ืœืช ืœืœืžื•ื“ ืžืขื‘ื“ื™ื ื—ื“ืฉื™ื ื•ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉ-Ghidra ื ื™ืฆื— ื’ื ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ื•ื’ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืžืขื‘ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ, ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ื‘ื• ื‘ื—ืจืชื™.


ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ืžืขื‘ื“ ื—ื“ืฉ ื‘-Ghidra


ื‘ื ื™ื’ื•ื“ ืœ-IDA-Pro, ืฉื ืžืžืฉ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืชื›ื ืช ืืช ื”ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ, ื‘-Ghidra ื”ื”ื’ื“ืจื” ืฉืœ ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ื—ื“ืฉ ืžื‘ื•ืฆืขืช ื‘ืืžืฆืขื•ืช ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื˜ืงืกื˜. ื”ื•ื ืืจื•ืš, ื”ื•ื ืžืกื•ื‘ืš, ื”ื•ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ืช ืฉืœื”ื, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ื˜ืงืกื˜. ื•ื›ื›ื” ื”ื•ื ื ืจืื”:


ื”ืฆืขื“ ื”ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื”ืจืืฉื•ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœืžืฆื‘ ืฉื‘ื• ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ืขื‘ืจื” ืืช ื”ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ืฉืœ Ghidra ื•ื”ืฆืœื™ื—ื” ืœื”ื™ื˜ืขืŸ, ื›ืš ืฉื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ื’ื“ืจืชื™ ื”ื•ืคื™ืข ื‘ืจืฉื™ืžื”:


ื—ื“ื™ ื”ืขื™ืŸ ื™ื‘ื—ื™ื ื• ืฉื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ืฉื ื•ืกืฃ ื”ื•ื cdp1805, ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืฉื”ื›ื™ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ืขืฆืžื• ื”ื•ื cdp1806. ืืœื• ืฉื ื™ ื“ื’ืžื™ื ืžืื“ ืงืจื•ื‘ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืชื” ื”ืžืฉืคื—ื” ื•ื›ืฉืจืง ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ื”ืชื™ื™ื—ืกืชื™ ืืœ ื”-1805 ื›ืžื™ื™ืฆื’ ืื‘ืœ ื›ื›ืœ ืฉื”ืชืงื“ืžืชื™ ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืœื”ื™ืฆืžื“ ืืœ ื”-1806.


ื”ื”ืชืจื’ืฉื•ืช ืฉื”ื’ื™ืขื” ื‘ืคืขืžื™ื ื”ืจืืฉื•ื ื•ืช ืฉื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœื˜ืขื•ืŸ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื‘ืฅ ืขื‘ื•ืจ ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ืฉื”ื’ื“ืจืชื™ ื”ื™ืชื” ืื“ื™ืจื”:


ื”ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ื”ืชืงื“ืžื” ื‘ืขืฆืœืชื™ื™ื ื›ื™ ื”ื›ืœ ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื—ื“ืฉ ื•ืงืฉื” ื•ืื ื‘ื”ืชื—ืœื” ื›ืœ ืฆืขื“ ืงื˜ืŸ ืขืฉื” ืฉื™ื ื•ื™ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ื•ื”ืชืงื“ืžื•ืช ื’ื“ื•ืœื”, ื“ื™ ืžื”ืจ ื”ื’ืจืฃ ื”ืชื™ื™ืฉืจ ื•ืจืง ื›ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืขื•ื‘ืจ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืขืœ ื›ืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ ื‘ืขื–ืจืช ื”ื’ืจืกื” ื”ืื—ืจื•ื ื” ืฉืœ ื”ืžื•ื“ื•ืœ ืฉื›ืชื‘ืชื™, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืžื’ืœื” ื‘ืขื™ื™ื” ื—ื“ืฉื”.


ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ื”ื—ื“ืฉ ื”ืชื’ืœื” ื›ืœื ืคื—ื•ืช ืžืกื™ื•ื˜ ื•ื”ื—ืœืชื™ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืœืžื” ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืžืฉื ื™ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ื”ืขื™ืงืจื™ื™ื ืœื ืชื•ืžืš ื‘ื•. ื™ืฉ ืœื• ืืจื›ื™ื˜ืงื˜ื•ืจื” ืžื•ื–ืจื” ื•ืžืืคื™ื™ื ื™ ืจื™ืฆื” ืฉืœื ื“ื•ืžื™ื ืœืืœื• ืฉืœ ืืฃ ืžืขื‘ื“ ืื—ืจ ืฉื ืชืงืœื™ื ื‘ื•, ื‘ืจืžื” ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื”ื’ื“ืจืชื™ ืืช ื”ืžืขื‘ื“, ื”ื™ื• ื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืฉืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืžืกืชื“ืจื™ื ืœื‘ื“ ื•ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืื•ืชื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื™ื“ื ื™, ื›ืžื• ืœืžืฉืœ ื”ื“ืจืš ื‘ื” ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืœืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื•ืช: ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืขื‘ื“ ื ื•ืจืžืœื™, ื—ืœืง ืžื”ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ื›-ืดืžื—ืกื ื™ืชืด (Stack) ื•ืœืฉื ืดื“ื•ื—ืคื™ืืด ืืช ื”ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื ืœืคื ื™ ืฉืงื•ืจืื™ื ืœืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ื•ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื—ืœืง ืžื”ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื ื™ื•ืขื‘ืจื• ืžืขืœ-ื’ื‘ื™ ืื•ื’ืจื™ื. ื‘-1806 ืœืขื•ืžืช ื–ืืช ื”ืฉื™ืžื•ืฉ ื‘ืžื—ืกื ื™ืช ื”ื•ื ืžื™ื ื™ืžืœื™ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ื›ืœืœื™ ื•ืืจื’ื•ืžื ื˜ื™ื ืœืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืžื•ืขื‘ืจื™ื ืœืคืขืžื™ื ื‘ืื•ื’ืจื™ื (ืฉื–ื” ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืกื‘ื™ืจ ื•ื“ื•ืžื” ืœืžืขื‘ื“ื™ื ืื—ืจื™ื) ืื‘ืœ ื‘ืฉืืจ ื”ื–ืžืŸ ืืœื• ื‘ื™ื™ื˜ื™ื ืฉื ืžืฆืื™ื ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ ื”ืงื•ื“, ืžื™ื™ื“ ืื—ืจื™ ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื” ืœืงืจื•ื ืœืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื”. ื•ืžืกืชื‘ืจ ืฉืœื IDA-Pro ื•ืœื Ghidra ื™ื•ื“ืขื™ื ืื™ืš ืœืื›ื•ืœ ืืช ื–ื”...


ื›ืœ ื›ืš ื ืฉืื‘ืชื™ ืœืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื” (ืื™ืŸ ื›ืžื• ืืชื’ืจ ืืžื™ืชื™!) ืขื“ ืฉืืคื™ืœื• ื‘ื ืกื™ืขื” ืฉืœื™ ืœื›ื ืก ื‘ืงื ืงื•ืŸ, ื‘ื ื•ื‘ืžื‘ืจ 2019, ื™ืฉื‘ืชื™ ื‘ื‘ืจื™ื›ื” ื•ื”ืžืฉื›ืชื™ ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ ืขืœ ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืžืขื‘ื“:


ืื—ืจื™ ืœื ืžืขื˜ ืฉื‘ื•ืขื•ืช ืฉืœ ืขื‘ื•ื“ื”, ื”ื’ืขืชื™ ืœืจืžื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ืฉืœ ื“ื™ื•ืง ืฉืื•ืœื™ ืื™ื ื” ื”ืžืงืกื™ืžืœื™ืช ื•ืื•ืœื™ ื™ืฉื ื ื—ืœืงื™ื ื‘ื”ื’ื“ืจืช ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ืฉื—ืกืจื™ื ืื• ืื™ื ื ืžื“ื•ื™ื™ืงื™ื, ืื‘ืœ ืœืฆืจื›ื™ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ืฉืœื™ ื”ื™ื ืžืกืคืงืช. ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ื’ื ืœื”ืคื•ืš ืืช ื”ืงื•ื“ ืœืคืชื•ื— ื›ื“ื™ ืฉืื—ืจื™ื ืฉืžื ื•ืกื™ื ืžืžื ื™ ื™ื•ื›ืœื• ืœืฉืคืจ ืืช ื”ื‘ืกื™ืก ืฉื™ืฆืจืชื™.


ื›ืš ื ืจืื” ืžืกืš ืงื•ื“ ืฉืขื‘ืจ ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื—ืงื™ืจื” ืขืœ ื™ื“ื™ ื•ืœื—ืœืง ืžื”ืคืจื™ื˜ื™ื ื‘ื• ื ื™ืชื ื• ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ืขืœื™ ืžืฉืžืขื•ืช:


ื‘ืขื™ื™ืช ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ื“


ื›ืื™ืœื• ืœื ื”ื™ื• ืœื™ ืžืกืคื™ืง ื‘ืขื™ื•ืช ื‘ื”ื‘ื ืช ื”ืืกืžื‘ืœื™ ื•ื‘ื”ืชืืžืช Ghidra ืœืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขื ื”-1806, ื”ืกืชื‘ืจ ื’ื ืฉื”ืงื™ื“ื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ืžื—ืจื•ื–ื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืื™ื ื• ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™. ืœืงื— ืœื™ ื–ืžืŸ ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ ืžื” ื”ืงื™ื“ื•ื“ ื•ื ืืœืฆืชื™ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื›ืžื” ืกืงืจื™ืคื˜ื™ื ืฉื™ืชื ื• ืœื›ืœ ื”ืžื—ืจื•ื–ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืช ื•ื”ืขืจื•ืช ืžื‘ืืจื•ืช, ื•ื›ืš ื ืจืื™ืช ื”ืชื•ืฆืื”:

ื”ื“ื‘ืจ ืื™ืคืฉืจ ืœื™ ืœืชืช ืœืžื—ืจื•ื–ื•ืช ืœืคื—ื•ืช ืฉืžื•ืช ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช, ื›ืš ืฉื›ืฉืื ื™ ืžื ืชื— ืงื•ื“ ืฉืžืชื™ื™ื—ืก ืืœื™ื”ืŸ, ืื“ืข ื‘ืžื” ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ. ื›ืš, ืœืžืฉืœ, ื ืจืื™ืช ื˜ื‘ืœืช ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ืžื—ืจื•ื–ื•ืช. ืฉื™ืžื• ืœื‘ ืœืื•ืจืš ื”ืžื—ืจื•ื–ื•ืช, ืฉื”ื•ื ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ ืžื•ื’ื“ืจ ืขืดื™ ืจื•ื—ื‘ ื”ืžืกืš ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ:


ืœืจื‘ืจืก ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื–ื” ืงืฉื”


ื›ืฉืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืœืจื‘ืจืก, ืžื“ื‘ืจื™ื ืขืœ ืฉื ื™ ืกื•ื’ื™ื:

  1. ืจื™ื‘ืจื•ืก ื“ื™ื ืืžื™ - Dynamic Analysis ืื• Dynamic Reverse Engineering: ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืจื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ืชื—ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื—, ืœืžืฉืœ ืขืดื™ ื›ืœื™ ืฉื ืงืจื Debugger, ื•ืœืจืื•ืช ืื™ืš ื”ื™ื ืžืชื ื”ื’ืช ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช, ื‘ืขื•ืœื ื”ืืžื™ืชื™, ื•ืขื ื ืชื•ื ื™ ืจื™ืฆื” ืืžื™ืชื™ื™ื. ืืคืฉืจ ืœืงื‘ืœ ื”ืฆืฆื” ืœืขืจื›ื™ื ืฉืœ ืื•ื’ืจื™ื ืื• ืœืžื™ืงื•ืžื™ื ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ.

  2. ืจื™ื‘ืจื•ืก ืกื˜ืื˜ื™ - Static Analysis ืื• Static Reverse Engineering: ื–ื” ืžืฆื‘ ื‘ื• ืœื ื ื™ืชืŸ ืœื”ืจื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื“, ื‘ื™ืŸ ืื ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื‘ื›ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ื”ืจืœื‘ื ื˜ื™ ืื• ื›ื™ ืื™ืŸ ืœื ื• ื“ืจืš ืœื”ืจื™ืฅ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื“ ืชื—ืช ืคื™ืงื•ื—.


ื”ืžืงืจื” ืฉืœื ื• ื”ื•ื, ื›ืžื• ืฉื•ื“ืื™ ื›ื‘ืจ ื”ื‘ื ืชื, ืจื™ื‘ืจื•ืก ืกื˜ืื˜ื™ ื•ื–ื” ื“ื™ ืžืงืฉื”. ื”ืงื•ื“ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœื ืชื— ื”ื•ื ืœื ืงื˜ืŸ ื•ื—ืœืงื• ื”ื™ื” ื“ื™ ืžืกื•ื‘ืš ืœื”ื‘ื™ืŸ. ื‘ื ืงื•ื“ื” ืžืกื•ื™ื™ืžืช ื”ื—ืœื˜ืชื™ ืคืฉื•ื˜ ืœื”ืคืขื™ืœ ืืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืขื ืกืคืง ื›ื— ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ืกื•ืœืœื”, ืื‘ืœ ื”ื•ื ืคืฉื•ื˜ ื ืชืŸ ืœื™ ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ืฉื’ื™ืื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš ื•ืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœืžืฆื•ื ืืช ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ืงื•ื“ ืฉืžื–ื”ื” ืืช ื”ืฉื’ื™ืื”.


ืื—ื“ ื”ื›ืœื™ื ืฉืขื•ืžื“ื™ื ืœืจืฉื•ืชื™ ื”ื•ื Logic Analyzer. ืœืคื ื™ ื›ืžื” ืฉื ื™ื ืงื ื™ืชื™ ืื—ื“ ื›ื–ื”, ืฉืœ ื—ื‘ืจืช Saleae, ื–ืžืŸ ืงืฆืจ ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื™ืฆื ืœืฉื•ืง ื•ืขื“ื™ื™ืŸ ื”ื™ื” ื‘ืžื—ื™ืจ ืกื‘ื™ืจ ืฉืœ $300. ื–ื”ื• ืžื›ืฉื™ืจ ืฉื™ืฉ ืœื• ืžืกืคืจ ืžืกื•ื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ื—ื™ื™ืฉื ื™ื, ื‘ื“ื’ื ืฉืœื™ ืžื“ื•ื‘ืจ ื‘-8, ืฉืืคืฉืจ ืœื—ื‘ืจ ืื•ืชื ืœืจื’ืœื™ื™ื ืฉืœ ืจื›ื™ื‘ื™ื ื•ืœื ื˜ืจ ื‘ื–ืžืŸ ืืžืช ืืช ื”ืžืชื—ื™ื ืฉืขื•ื‘ืจื™ื ื‘ืžืขื’ืœ.


ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉื™ื“ืขืชื™ ืžื” ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืฉืœ ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืžื“ืคื™ืกื” ื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ืฉื’ื™ืื”, ื—ืฉื‘ืชื™ ืฉืื ืืงืœื™ื˜ ืืช ืงื•ื™ ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช, ืื•ื›ืœ ืœื—ื›ื•ืช ืœื ืงื•ื“ื” ื‘ื” ื”ืžืขื‘ื“ ืดืžื‘ื™ืืด ืืช ื”ืคืงื•ื“ื•ืช ืžื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ื”ืจืฆื•ื™ื” ื•ืื– ืœืœื›ืช ืื—ื•ืจื” ื‘ืชืขื‘ื•ืจื” ืฉื”ื•ืงืœื˜ื” ื•ืœื—ืคืฉ ืืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ื•ืช ืฉืœ ื”ื”ื•ืจืื•ืช ืฉื‘ืื• ืงื•ื“ื - ื›ืš ืื•ืœื™ ืืฆืœื™ื— ืœื’ืœื•ืช ืžื”ื™ื›ืŸ ื”ื’ืขื ื• ืืœ ื”ืคื•ื ืงืฆื™ื” ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉื’ื™ืื” ื•ื–ื” ื™ื›ื•ื•ืŸ ืื•ืชื™ ืืœ ื”ืžืงื•ื ื‘ื• ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื‘ื•ื“ืง ืžื” ืฉื‘ื•ื“ืง ื•ืžื—ืœื™ื˜ ืฉืื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืฉื’ื™ืื”. ื•ื›ืš ื–ื” ื ืจืื”:


ื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ืจืขื™ื•ืŸ ื™ืคื” ื•ื‘ืชื™ืื•ืจื™ื” ืืคื™ืœื• ืžื•ืฆืœื—, ืื‘ืœ ืื• ืฉืœื ื”ื•ืฆืืชื™ ืื•ืชื• ืœืคื•ืขืœ ื ื›ื•ืŸ ืื• ืฉืคืฉื•ื˜ ื”ื•ื ืœื ื”ืชืื™ื ื•ื”ื‘ื ืชื™ ืฉืœื ื”ืฆืœื—ืชื™ ืœื”ืชืงื“ื ื•ืื ื™ ื ืžืฆื ื‘ืื•ืชื• ื”ืžืงื•ื. ื•ืื– ืคืชืื•ื ื”ื‘ื ืชื™: ื‘ืขืฆื, ื›ืŸ ื™ืฉ ืœื™ ืžืกืš. ื”ื•ื ืืžื ื ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ, ืื‘ืœ ืืช ื”ืงื•ื“ ืฉื›ื•ืชื‘ ืืœ ื”ืžืกืš ื›ื‘ืจ ืžืฆืืชื™ ื•ืœื›ืŸ ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ ืื ื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข ืื™ืš ืœืฉืœื•ื— ืžื—ืจื•ื–ื•ืช ืœื”ืฆื’ื” ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš, ืื– ืœืžื” ืœื ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื–ื”?


ื•ืื– ื”ืชื—ื™ืœ ืžื™ื ื™-ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ :-) ืœืคื ื™ ื”ื›ืœ, ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืฆืจื™ืš ืœืžืคื•ืช ืืช ื›ืœ ื”ืžืงื•ืžื•ืช ืžื”ื ืžื’ื™ืขื™ื ืืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ ืฉืœ ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉื’ื™ืื”. ื•ืื– ืดื“ืจื›ืชื™ืด ืขืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ื–ื” ืขื ื”ื•ืจืืช ืงืคื™ืฆื” ืœืžื™ืงื•ื ืื—ืจ ื‘ื–ื™ื›ืจื•ืŸ, ืฉื”ื™ื” ืคื ื•ื™. ื‘ืžืงื•ื ื”ื–ื” ื›ืชื‘ืชื™ ื‘ืขืฆืžื™ ืงื•ื“ (ื‘ืืกืžื‘ืœื™ ืฉืœ ื”-1806, ื›ืžื•ื‘ืŸ) ืฉืœื•ืงื— ืืช ื”ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช ืžืžื ื” ื”ื’ืขื ื•, ื”ื•ืคืš ืื•ืชื” ืœืžื—ืจื•ื–ืช ื•ืื– ืฉื•ืœื— ืื•ืชื” ืืœ ื”ืžืกืš. ืื—ืจื™ ืฉื‘ื™ืฆืขืชื™ ืืช ื”ืชื”ืœื™ืš ื”ื–ื”, ืฉื ืงืจื ื’ื Patching ืœืชื•ื›ื ื”, ืฆืจื‘ืชื™ ืžื—ื“ืฉ ืืช ืจื›ื™ื‘ ื”ืคืœืืฉ ืขื ื”ืชื•ื›ื ื” ื”ืžืขื•ื“ื›ื ืช ื•ื”ืคืขืœืชื™ ืืช ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ:


ื–ื” ืขื‘ื“!!!


ื•ื•ืื•. ืื ื™ ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœืฆื™ื™ืŸ ืฉืžื›ืœ ื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ื™ื ืฉืœื™ ื‘ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื–ื”, ืžื”ื”ื™ืฉื’ ื”ื–ื” ื”ื›ื™ ื”ืชืจื’ืฉืชื™.


ื•ืื›ืŸ, ืื ืื ื—ื ื• ื—ื•ื–ืจื™ื ืืœ ื”ืงื•ื“ ื”ืžืงื•ืจื™, ืืคืฉืจ ื‘ืืžืช ืœืจืื•ืช ืฉื‘ื›ืชื•ื‘ืช 4930 ื™ืฉ ืงืจื™ืื” ืœื”ื“ืคืกืช ื”ื•ื“ืขืช ื”ืฉื’ื™ืื”:


ืื– ืžื” ื”ืœืื”?


ืื—ืจื™ ื“ื™ ื”ืจื‘ื” ืขื‘ื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜, ื”ื—ื™ื™ื ื”ืชื’ื‘ืจื• ืขืœื™ื• ื•ืขืœื™. ื ืืœืฆืชื™ ืœื”ื ื™ื— ืื•ืชื• ื‘ืฆื“ ื‘ืชืงื•ื•ื” ืฉืื•ืœื™, ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ืืฆืœื™ื— ืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืื•ืชื• ื•ืžืื– ืžื“ื™ ืคืขื ืื ื™ ื’ื•ื ื‘ ื›ืžื” ืจื’ืขื™ื (ืื• ืฉืขื•ืช) ืขื Ghidra ื•ืžืžืฉื™ืš ืืช ื”ืจื™ื‘ืจื•ืก.


ืžื” ื–ื” ืดืœื”ืฉืœื™ื ืื•ืชื•?ืด, ืืชื ืฉื•ืืœื™ื? ื•ื‘ื›ืŸ, ื‘ืจืืฉ ื•ื‘ืจืืฉื•ื ื” ื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœื”ื’ื™ืข ืœื”ื‘ื ื” ืขืžื•ืงื” ื™ื•ืชืจ ืฉืœ ื”ืงื•ื“, ื‘ืžื™ื•ื—ื“ ื”ื—ืœืง ืฉืžื‘ืฆืข ื‘ื“ื™ืงื” ืขืฆืžื™ืช ื•ืžื“ื•ื•ื— ื‘ื—ื–ืจื” ืœื‘ื–ืง. ืื ื™ ืžื ื™ื— ืฉื”ื™ื•ื ื›ื‘ืจ ืื™ืŸ ืืฃ ืื—ื“ ืฉืžื—ื›ื” ืœื”ื•ื“ืขื•ืช ื›ืืœื• ื‘ืฆื“ ืฉืœ ื‘ื–ืง ืื‘ืœ ื‘ื›ืœ ืžืงืจื” ื–ื” ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ Exploration ื•ืชื™ืขื•ื“, ื”ื•ื ืœื ื—ื™ื™ื‘ ืœื”ื™ื•ืช ืคืจืงื˜ื™.


ืขื•ื“ ื“ื‘ืจ ืฉื”ื™ื™ืชื™ ืจื•ืฆื” ืœืขืฉื•ืช ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“, ื–ื” ืœื”ื—ืœื™ืฃ ืืช ื›ืœ ืœื•ื— ื”ืื ื‘ืžืฉื”ื• ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ื›ื’ื•ืŸ Arduino ืื• RaspberryPi ื•ื‘ืขืฆื ืœื”ืฉืžื™ืฉ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืขืœ ื”ื—ื•ืžืจื” ื”ื™ืฉื ื” - ื”ืจื™ ื™ืฉ ืžืกืš, ื™ืฉ ืœื•ื— ืžืงืฉื™ื ื•ื™ืฉ ืฉืคื•ืคืจืช! ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืงืฆืช ืœื—ืงื•ืจ ืขืœ ื–ื” ื•ื‘ื™ืŸ ื”ืฉืืจ ืžืฆืืชื™ ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื‘ืฉื ืดArduino Telephone Caller ID Unitืด ืฉืžื™ืฉื”ื• ื›ื‘ืจ ืขืฉื”. ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื›ื•ืœืœ ืืช ื”ืœื•ื— ื”ื‘ื:


ืœื•ื— ื›ื–ื” ื™ืืคืฉืจ ืœ-Arduino ืœื–ื”ื•ืช ืžื™ ืžืชืงืฉืจ ื•ืื– ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืืช ื”ืžืกืคืจ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš. ื›ื“ื™ ืœื•ื•ื“ื ืฉืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš, ืขืฉื™ืชื™ ื›ืžื” ื‘ื“ื™ืงื•ืช ื•ื’ื™ืœื™ืชื™ ืฉื”ืžืกืš ืฉืœ ื”ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ื”ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™ ื”ื•ื ืžืกืš LCD ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ ืœื—ืœื•ื˜ื™ืŸ:


ืขื‘ื•ืจ ืžืกื›ื™ื ืกื˜ื ื“ืจื˜ื™ื ืงื™ื™ืžื•ืช ื›ื‘ืจ ืžื–ืžืŸ ืกืคืจื™ื•ืช ืงื•ื“ ืขื‘ื•ืจ Arduino. ื‘ื™ืฆืขืชื™ ื ื™ืกื•ื™ ืงืฆืจ ื•ืจืื™ืชื™ ืฉืื›ืŸ ืื ื™ ื™ื›ื•ืœ ืœื”ืฆื™ื’ ืขืœ ื”ืžืกืš ืชื•ื›ืŸ ื›ืจืฆื•ื ื™, ื‘ืขื–ืจืช Arduino:



ืื—ืจื™ืช ื“ื‘ืจ


ืื™ืŸ ืกืคืง ืฉื–ื” ื”ื™ื” ื”ืคืจื•ื™ื™ืงื˜ ื”ื›ื™ ืžืืชื’ืจ, ื”ื›ื™ ืžืขื ื™ื™ืŸ ื•ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืžื•ื‘ื”ืง - ื”ื›ื™ ืืจื•ืš ืฉื™ืฆื ืœื™ ืœืขืฉื•ืช. ืœืคื—ื•ืช ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืชื™ืื•ืจื˜ื™ ื”ื•ื ืืคื™ืœื• ืขื•ื“ ืœื ื”ืกืชื™ื™ื ื‘ืื•ืคืŸ ืจืฉืžื™ ืื– ืžื™ ื™ื•ื“ืข - ืื•ืœื™ ื™ื•ื ืื—ื“ ื™ืฆื•ืฅ ืคื” ืื™ื–ื” ืคื•ืกื˜ ืขืœ ืื™ืš ืœื‘ื ื•ืช ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืžื•ื“ืจื ื™ ืœืชื•ืš ื’ื•ืฃ ืฉืœ ื˜ืœืคื•ืŸ ืฆื™ื‘ื•ืจื™. ื”ื™ื” ืœื™ ื›ื™ืฃ ื’ื“ื•ืœ ืœืขืฉื•ืช ืืช ื”ืžื—ืงืจ ื•ืืคื™ืœื• ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ืืช ื”ืคื•ืกื˜ ื”ืืจื•ืš ื”ื–ื”.


ืชื•ื“ื” ืฉืงืจืืชื!


[ืขืจื™ื›ื”]


ื”ืขืœื™ืชื™ ืืช ื”ื—ื•ืžืจ ื”ืจืœื•ื•ื ื˜ื™ ืœื’ื™ื˜ื”ืื‘ ื•ื”ื•ื ื ืžืฆื ื›ืืŸ. ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœืชืจื•ื ื•ืœื”ืฉืชืชืฃ.

2,672 ืฆืคื™ื•ืช3 ืชื’ื•ื‘ื•ืช

ืคื•ืกื˜ื™ื ืื—ืจื•ื ื™ื

ื”ืฆื’ ื”ื›ื•ืœ

ืขืœ ื”ื‘ืœื•ื’

ืฉืžื™ ืขื ื‘ืจ ืจื–. ืขื ื›ื ื™ืกืช ื”ืงื•ืจื•ื ื” ืœื—ื™ื™ื ื• ื‘ืฉื ืช 2020 ื”ืชื—ืœืชื™ ืชื—ื‘ื™ื‘ ื—ื“ืฉ: ืื™ืกื•ืฃ ื•ืฉื—ื–ื•ืจ ืžื—ืฉื‘ื™ ืจื˜ืจื•. ื”ืฉืื™ืคื” ื”ื™ื ืœื”ื—ื–ื™ืจ ื›ืžื” ืฉื™ื•ืชืจ ืžื”ื ืœืžืฆื‘ ืขื•ื‘ื“ :-)

 

ืžื›ื™ื•ื•ืŸ ืฉืœื ื—ืกืจื™ื ืžืฉืื‘ื™ื ื‘ืชื—ื•ื ื‘ืฉืคื” ื”ืื ื’ืœื™ืช, ื‘ื—ืจืชื™ ื“ื•ื•ืงื ืœื›ืชื•ื‘ ื‘ืขื‘ืจื™ืช ืœื˜ื•ื‘ืช ื”ืงื•ืจืื™ื ื”ืžืงื•ืžื™ื™ื.

ืจืฉืชื•ืช ื—ื‘ืจืชื™ื•ืช

ื”ืจืฉืžื”

ืื ืืชื ืจื•ืฆื™ื ืœืงื‘ืœ ืขื“ื›ื•ืŸ ื‘ื›ืœ ืคืขื ืฉืื ื™ ืžืคืจืกื ืคื•ืกื˜ ื—ื“ืฉ, ืื– ืืชื ืžื•ื–ืžื ื™ื ืœื”ื™ืจืฉื.

ืชื•ื“ื” ืขืœ ื”ื”ืจืฉืžื”!

© 2022 by Inbar Raz. Powered and secured by Wix

bottom of page